The centre of a conductor has low-frequency signals, while the conductor's surface has high frequency signals. As a result, high frequency signals are constrained to flow in a smaller area of conductors than low-frequency conductors. For this reason, effective cable resistance is important in high frequency signals compared to low-frequency signals. Furthermore, cable losses are frequency dependent, with high frequencies experiencing the most loss. Nevertheless, the conductor resistance increases because of the 'skin effect' happening at around 20 kHz.
Types of insulation
An insulator is a material that is resistant to the flow of electric current (a non-conductive material). It helps to resist the leakage of the electric current, preventing it from contacting other conductors. This helps to preserve the integrity of the wires against environmental threats like heat and water. Therefore, the effectiveness and safety of wires and cables depend on their insulation. The common types of cable insulators include:
Plastics
The plastic insulators include PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), SR-PVC (Semi-Rigid PVC), Plenum PVC (Plenum Polyvinyl Chloride), PE (Polyethylene), PP (Polypropylene), PUR (Polyurethane), CPE (Chlorinated Polyethylene) and Nylon.
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